Which classification systems are used for Indian trademarks and industrial designs?

India uses the international NICE Classification consisting of 45 classes (Classes 1–34 for goods, Classes 35–45 for services) for trademarks, and the Locarno Classification consisting of 32 classes for industrial designs.

Why are cross-class defensive trademark filings recommended in India?

Defensive filings across adjacent or complementary classes prevent third parties from registering confusingly similar marks in related business verticals, mitigating opposition delays and trademark dilution before the Trade Marks Registry.

Interactive Classification Workbench

Indian Trademark & Design Class Finder (Suggestive)

Identify the exact Primary Core Classes and Recommended Defensive Classes for your brand, startup, or product across Trademark (NICE Classes 1-45) and Industrial Design (Locarno Classes 1-32).

CGPDTM / Trade Marks Act 1999 & Designs Act 2000 Aligned

Statutory Classification Directory

Class	Type	Class Title & Description
Class 1	Goods	Chemicals for Industry, Science & Agriculture Chemicals used in industry, science, photography, agriculture, horticulture, and forestry; unprocessed artificial resins; compost, fertilizers.
Class 2	Goods	Paints, Varnishes, Coatings & Colorants Paints, varnishes, lacquers; preservatives against rust and deterioration of wood; colorants, dyes; raw natural resins; metals in foil and powder form for painters.
Class 3	Goods	Cosmetics, Skincare, Soaps & Cleaning Preparations Non-medicated cosmetics, perfumes, essential oils, bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring preparations.
Class 4	Goods	Industrial Oils, Greases, Fuels & Illuminants Industrial oils and greases, wax; lubricants; dust absorbing, wetting and binding compositions; fuels and illuminants; candles and wicks for lighting.
Class 5	Goods	Pharmaceuticals, Medical Preparations, Ayush & Dietary Supplements Pharmaceuticals, medical and veterinary preparations; sanitary preparations for medical purposes; dietetic food and substances adapted for medical or veterinary use; dietary supplements; disinfectants; fungicides, herbicides.
Class 6	Goods	Common Metals, Hardware, Pipes & Building Materials of Metal Common metals and their alloys, ores; metal materials for building and construction; transportable buildings of metal; non-electric cables and wires of common metal; small items of metal hardware; metal containers for storage.
Class 7	Goods	Machines, Machine Tools, Motors & Industrial Equipment Machines, machine tools, power-operated tools; motors and engines (except for land vehicles); machine coupling and transmission components; agricultural implements, other than hand-operated; incubators for eggs; automatic vending machines.
Class 8	Goods	Hand Tools, Implements, Cutlery & Razors Hand tools and implements, hand-operated; cutlery; side arms, except firearms; razors.
Class 9	Goods	Software, Mobile Apps, Electronics, Hardware & AI Systems Scientific, research, navigation, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, detecting, testing, inspecting, life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling the distribution or use of electricity; apparatus and instruments for recording, transmitting, reproducing or processing sound, images or data; recorded and downloadable media, computer software, blank digital or analogue recording and storage media; mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating devices; computers and computer peripheral devices; diving suits; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
Class 10	Goods	Medical, Dental, Surgical Instruments & Assistive Devices Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments; artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; orthopaedic articles; suture materials; therapeutic and assistive devices adapted for persons with disabilities; massage apparatus; apparatus, devices and articles for nursing infants; sexual activity apparatus, devices and articles.
Class 11	Goods	Lighting, Heating, Cooling, Cooking & Sanitary Installations Apparatus and installations for lighting, heating, cooling, steam generating, cooking, drying, ventilating, water supply and sanitary purposes.
Class 12	Goods	Vehicles, Automobiles, EVs & Mobility Devices Vehicles; apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water.
Class 13	Goods	Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives & Fireworks Firearms; ammunition and projectiles; explosives; fireworks.
Class 14	Goods	Precious Metals, Jewellery, Gemstones & Horological Instruments Precious metals and their alloys; jewellery, precious and semi-precious stones; horological and chronometric instruments.
Class 15	Goods	Musical Instruments & Accessories Musical instruments; music stands and stands for musical instruments; conductors' batons.
Class 16	Goods	Paper, Stationery, Books, Packaging & Printed Matter Paper and cardboard; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery and office requisites, except furniture; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; drawing materials and materials for artists; paintbrushes; instructional and teaching materials; plastic sheets, films and bags for wrapping and packaging; printers' type, printing blocks.
Class 17	Goods	Rubber, Plastics, Insulation & Sealing Materials Unprocessed and semi-processed rubber, gutta-percha, gum, asbestos, mica and substitutes for all these materials; plastics and resins in extruded form for use in manufacture; packing, stopping and insulating materials; flexible pipes, tubes and hoses, not of metal.
Class 18	Goods	Leather, Bags, Luggage, Wallets & Saddlery Leather and imitations of leather; animal skins and hides; luggage and carrying bags; umbrellas and parasols; walking sticks; whips, harness and saddlery; collars, leashes and clothing for animals.
Class 19	Goods	Non-Metallic Building & Construction Materials Materials, not of metal, for building and construction; rigid pipes, not of metal, for building; asphalt, pitch, tar and bitumen; transportable buildings, not of metal; monuments, not of metal.
Class 20	Goods	Furniture, Mirrors, Mattresses & Non-Metal Fixtures Furniture, mirrors, picture frames; containers, not of metal, for storage or transport; unworked or semi-worked bone, horn, whalebone or mother-of-pearl; shells; meerschaum; yellow amber.
Class 21	Goods	Household & Kitchen Utensils, Glassware & Cookware Household or kitchen utensils and containers; cookware and tableware, except forks, knives and spoons; combs and sponges; brushes, except paintbrushes; brush-making materials; articles for cleaning purposes; unworked or semi-worked glass, except building glass; glassware, porcelain and earthenware.
Class 22	Goods	Ropes, Cords, Tents, Tarpaulins & Raw Fibres Ropes and string; nets; tents and tarpaulins; awnings of textile or synthetic materials; sails; sacks for the transport and storage of materials in bulk; padding, cushioning and stuffing materials, except of paper, cardboard, rubber or plastics; raw fibrous textile materials and substitutes therefor.
Class 23	Goods	Yarns & Threads for Textile Use Yarns and threads for textile use.
Class 24	Goods	Textiles, Fabrics, Bed Linen & Home Furnishings Textiles and substitutes for textiles; household linen; curtains of textile or plastic.
Class 25	Goods	Clothing, Footwear & Headwear Clothing, footwear, headwear.
Class 26	Goods	Lace, Ribbons, Zippers, Hair Ornaments & Haberdashery Lace, braid and embroidery, and haberdashery ribbons and bows; buttons, hooks and eyes, pins and needles; artificial flowers; hair decorations; false hair.
Class 27	Goods	Carpets, Rugs, Floor Mats & Wall Hangings Carpets, rugs, mats and matting, linoleum and other materials for covering existing floors; wall hangings, not of textile.
Class 28	Goods	Games, Toys, Sporting Equipment & Video Game Apparatus Games, toys and playthings; video game apparatus; gymnastic and sporting articles; decorations for Christmas trees.
Class 29	Goods	Meat, Dairy, Edible Oils, Processed Fruits & Nuts Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, frozen, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs; milk, cheese, butter, yogurt and other milk products; oils and fats for food.
Class 30	Goods	Coffee, Tea, Bakery, Spices, Chocolates & Grains Coffee, tea, cocoa and substitutes therefor; rice, pasta and noodles; tapioca and sago; flour and preparations made from cereals; bread, pastries and confectionery; chocolate; ice cream, sorbets and other edible ices; sugar, honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt, seasonings, spices, preserved herbs; vinegar, sauces and other condiments; ice (frozen water).
Class 31	Goods	Raw Agricultural Products, Fresh Fruits, Seeds & Pet Food Raw and unprocessed agricultural, aquacultural, horticultural and forestry products; raw and unprocessed grains and seeds; fresh fruits and vegetables, fresh herbs; natural plants and flowers; bulbs, seedlings and seeds for planting; live animals; foodstuffs and beverages for animals; malt.
Class 32	Goods	Beer, Mineral Water, Juices & Non-Alcoholic Beverages Beers; non-alcoholic beverages; mineral and aerated waters; fruit beverages and fruit juices; syrups and other non-alcoholic preparations for making beverages.
Class 33	Goods	Alcoholic Beverages (Except Beer), Spirits & Wines Alcoholic beverages, except beers; alcoholic preparations for making beverages.
Class 34	Goods	Tobacco, Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes & Smokers' Articles Tobacco and tobacco substitutes; cigarettes and cigars; electronic cigarettes and oral vaporizers for smokers; smokers' articles; matches.
Class 35	Services	Advertising, Business Management, E-Commerce & Retail Services Advertising; business management, organization and administration; office functions.
Class 36	Services	Financial, Banking, Insurance, Real Estate & Crypto Services Financial, monetary and banking services; insurance services; real estate affairs.
Class 37	Services	Construction, Repair, Installation & Maintenance Services Construction services; installation and repair services; mining, oil and gas drilling.
Class 38	Services	Telecommunications, Broadcasting, OTT Streaming & Messaging Telecommunication services.
Class 39	Services	Transport, Logistics, Courier, Warehousing & Travel Arrangement Transport; packaging and storage of goods; travel arrangement.
Class 40	Services	Treatment of Materials, Custom Manufacturing & Recycling Treatment of materials; recycling of waste and trash; air purification and treatment of water; printing services; food and drink preservation.
Class 41	Services	Education, Training, Entertainment, Gaming & Sporting Activities Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cultural activities.
Class 42	Services	Technology, SaaS, Software Development, Cloud & Scientific Research Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis, industrial research and industrial design services; quality control and authentication services; design and development of computer hardware and software.
Class 43	Services	Services for Providing Food, Drink & Temporary Accommodation Services for providing food and drink; temporary accommodation.
Class 44	Services	Medical Services, Healthcare, Beauty Care, Agriculture & Veterinary Medical services; veterinary services; hygienic and beauty care for human beings or animals; agriculture, aquaculture, horticulture and forestry services.
Class 45	Services	Legal, Security, IP Licensing, Dating & Personal Services Legal services; security services for the physical protection of tangible property and individuals; personal and social services rendered by others to meet the needs of individuals.

Locarno Class	Category & Subclasses	Protected Product Examples
Class 01	Foodstuffs 01-01 Bakers' products, biscuits, pastry; 01-02 Fruit and vegetables; 01-03 Cheeses, butter, sausages; 01-06 Animal food.	Novel shapes of biscuits, chocolates, novelty ice cream bars, shaped pasta.
Class 02	Articles of Clothing & Haberdashery 02-01 Undergarments, lingerie; 02-02 Garments, dresses, suits; 02-04 Footwear, boots, sneakers; 02-07 Haberdashery, buttons.	Novel sneaker sole designs, aesthetic cuts of garments, dress silhouettes, designer belt buckles, unique shoe heels.
Class 03	Travel Goods, Handbags, Cases & Personal Belongings 03-01 Trunks, suitcases, briefcases; 03-04 Umbrellas, walking sticks.	Trolley luggage exterior rib patterns, luxury handbag shapes, wallet silhouettes, umbrella handles.
Class 04	Brushware 04-01 Brushes and brooms for cleaning; 04-02 Toilet brushes, toothbrushes; 04-03 Paintbrushes.	Ergonomic toothbrush handle curves, makeup brush shapes, novelty hairbrushes.
Class 05	Textile Piecegoods, Lace & Embroideries 05-05 Textile fabrics; 05-06 Ribbons, braids; 05-07 Lace.	Original printed fabric repeat patterns, saree border textile motifs, woven jacquard patterns, embroidered lace designs.
Class 06	Furnishing & Furniture 06-01 Beds and seats (chairs, sofas); 06-02 Beds; 06-03 Tables and desks; 06-04 Storage furniture (cabinets, shelves); 06-06 Furniture parts.	Designer ergonomic office chairs, modular sofa shapes, artistic dining tables, luxury bed headboards, aesthetic wardrobe handles.
Class 07	Household Articles, Cookware & Tableware 07-01 China, glassware, dishes; 07-02 Cooking appliances, pans, pots; 07-04 Non-electric kitchen utensils; 07-06 Other table utensils.	Unique coffee mug shapes, pressure cooker aesthetic contours, non-stick pan handles, water bottle profiles, aesthetic cutlery handles.
Class 08	Tools & Hardware 08-01 Tools for drilling, sawing; 08-06 Door handles, knobs; 08-07 Locking mechanisms; 08-08 Fastening devices.	Architectural door handle aesthetics, ergonomic power drill casings, padlock ornamental bodies, window latch shapes.
Class 09	Packages & Containers for the Transport or Handling of Goods 09-01 Bottles, flasks, jars, pots; 09-02 Storage cans, drums; 09-03 Boxes, cartons; 09-05 Bags, sachets; 09-07 Closures and caps.	Distinctive perfume bottles, liquor bottles, cosmetic lotion pumps/jars, cold drink bottle ribs, FMCG packaging boxes, spray nozzle caps.
Class 10	Clocks, Watches & Other Measuring Instruments 10-01 Wall clocks; 10-02 Wristwatches, pocket watches; 10-04 Measuring instruments, gauges; 10-07 Casings and dials.	Luxury wristwatch dial designs, smartwatch casing aesthetics, vintage clock housings, digital multimeter external shapes.
Class 11	Articles of Adornment, Jewellery & Ornaments 11-01 Jewellery, rings, necklaces, bangles; 11-02 Table ornaments, vases; 11-05 Flags, festive decorations.	Diamond necklace patterns, gold ring geometric settings, luxury bangle aesthetics, decorative bronze figurines, flower vase contours.
Class 12	Means of Transport & Vehicles 12-08 Motor cars, automobiles; 12-11 Motorcycles, e-scooters, bicycles; 12-16 Parts and accessories of vehicles (headlights, bumpers, alloy wheels).	Car body styling, EV scooter silhouettes, motorcycle fuel tank contours, alloy wheel spoke patterns, automotive LED headlight shapes.
Class 13	Equipment for Production, Distribution & Transformation of Electricity 13-02 Transformers, inverters; 13-03 Switchgear, electrical sockets; 13-04 Solar panels.	Smart electrical modular switch plates, home solar inverter housings, EV charger wallbox casings, designer power banks.
Class 14	Recording, Communication & Information Retrieval Equipment (Including GUIs) 14-01 Sound/image recording devices; 14-02 Data processing equipment, computers, mice; 14-03 Telecom apparatus, mobile phones; 14-04 Screen Displays and Icons (Graphical User Interfaces).	Smartphone exterior hardware, laptop casing curves, computer mouse ergonomics, Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), app icons, website screen displays.
Class 15	Machines Not Elsewhere Specified 15-01 Steam engines; 15-02 Pumps, compressors; 15-03 Agricultural machines; 15-04 Construction machines; 15-05 Washing machines.	Industrial 3D printer body, agricultural rotavator casing, air compressor external shell, floor cleaning machine body.
Class 16	Photographic, Cinematographic & Optical Apparatus 16-01 Cameras, video cameras; 16-06 Spectacles, sunglasses, eyewear frames.	Luxury sunglass frame designs, spectacles bridge shapes, action camera bodies, microscope casings.
Class 17	Musical Instruments 17-01 Keyboard instruments; 17-02 Wind instruments; 17-03 Stringed instruments; 17-04 Percussion.	Acoustic guitar body contours, electric violin shapes, synthesizer ergonomic keybeds.
Class 18	Printing & Office Machinery 18-01 Typewriters; 18-02 Printing machines, photocopiers; 18-04 Bookbinding machines.	Desktop printer external housings, paper shredder styling, point-of-sale receipt printer bodies.
Class 19	Stationery, Office Equipment, Artists' Materials 19-01 Paper, writing paper; 19-02 Office equipment, staplers; 19-06 Writing instruments, pens, markers; 19-08 Printed goods, greeting cards.	Luxury ballpoint pen barrels, ergonomic stapler shapes, artistic calendar stands, designer notebook covers.
Class 20	Sales & Advertising Equipment, Signs 20-01 Automatic vending machines; 20-02 Display and sales equipment, mannequins; 20-03 Signs, signboards, billboards.	Retail point-of-sale display kiosks, interactive vending machine kiosks, retail merchandise stands, illuminated directional signage.
Class 21	Games, Toys, Tents & Sports Goods 21-01 Games and toys, board games; 21-02 Gymnastic and sports apparatus; 21-04 Amusement park rides.	Action figure shapes, novelty board game pieces, gym workout machine ergonomics, cricket bat handle grips, drone toy bodies.
Class 22	Arms, Pyrotechnic Articles, Hunting & Fishing Equipment 22-01 Side arms; 22-02 Projectiles; 22-05 Fishing rods and reels; 22-06 Traps for animals.	Fishing reel visual styling, hunting bow grips, sporting rifle stocks.
Class 23	Fluid Distribution, Sanitary, Heating, Ventilation & AC Equipment 23-01 Fluid distribution equipment, pipes; 23-02 Sanitary appliances (toilets, basins, bathtubs); 23-03 Heating equipment; 23-04 Air conditioning and fans.	Designer bathroom washbasin shapes, water tap/faucet curves, luxury bathtub contours, ceiling fan blade shapes, tower AC aesthetics.
Class 24	Medical & Laboratory Equipment 24-01 Apparatus and equipment for doctors; 24-02 Medical instruments, syringes; 24-04 Prosthetic articles.	Diagnostic ultrasound scanner cart, handheld digital thermometer casing, insulin pen ergonomics, prosthetic limb external styling.
Class 25	Building Units & Construction Elements 25-01 Building materials, bricks, tiles; 25-02 Prefabricated parts, doors, window frames; 25-03 Bridges, gazebos.	Ceramic floor tile 3D surface textures, decorative interlocking paver block shapes, acoustic ceiling tile patterns, architectural facade panels.
Class 26	Lighting Apparatus 26-01 Candlesticks, candle holders; 26-02 Flashlights, lanterns; 26-03 Public lighting fixtures; 26-04 Luminous sources, LED bulbs; 26-05 Lamps, chandeliers.	Modern pendant lamp shapes, crystal chandelier configurations, LED street light housings, smart desk lamp designs.
Class 27	Tobacco & Smokers' Supplies 27-01 Tobacco, cigars; 27-02 Pipes, cigar holders; 27-03 Ashtrails; 27-05 Lighters; 27-07 Electronic cigarettes.	Vape pen geometric casings, luxury cigar cutter aesthetics, designer lighter bodies.
Class 28	Pharmaceutical & Cosmetic Products, Toilet Articles 28-01 Pharmaceutical products (pills, capsules); 28-02 Cosmetic products; 28-03 Toilet articles, hair straighteners, hair dryers.	Novel 3D shape of an effervescent pill, lipstick bullet geometric shape, electric hair straightener aesthetic body, compact powder case.
Class 29	Devices & Equipment Against Fire Hazards, for Accident Prevention 29-01 Firefighting devices; 29-02 Accident prevention devices, helmets, safety goggles.	Motorcycle rider safety helmet aerodynamic styling, industrial hard hat shapes, smart firefighter mask aesthetics.
Class 30	Articles for the Care & Handling of Animals 30-01 Animal shelters, cages; 30-02 Pet feeding troughs, bowls; 30-04 Pet leashes, harnesses; 30-05 Pet grooming accessories.	Ergonomic cat litter box, automatic pet feeder casing, designer dog bed contours.
Class 31	Machines & Appliances for Preparing Food or Drink Not Elsewhere Specified 31-00 Food preparation machines, juicers, coffee espresso machines, blenders.	Espresso coffee machine retro body, cold press juicer casing, high-speed mixer-grinder external contours.
Class 32	Graphic Symbols, Logos, Surface Patterns & Ornamentation 32-00 Graphic symbols, surface patterns, ornamentation.	2D surface graphic patterns applied to wallpaper, ceramic surface ornamentation, decorative emblems.

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